Global Port Cities in North America by Boris Vormann

Author:Boris Vormann [Vormann, Boris]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Human Geography, Political Science, Globalization, Business & Economics, General
ISBN: 9781317577133
Google: iz6cBQAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2014-11-27T05:58:33+00:00

Notes

1. The Urban Development Corporation (UDC) was paradigmatic of strategic changes after the crisis of 1975. After the public authority, founded in 1968, defaulted on its obligations, the UDC’s staff was reduced by 75 percent and its strategy shifted from social housing to economic growth and pro-business restructuring. The UDC supported South Street Seaport through “entrepreneurial” measures, such as tax breaks and waivers, and took the lead for the development of Battery Park City after 1977 (see Gutfreund 2010, 1354). This business-oriented approach by the Urban Development Corporation reflected an overall shift of the city leaders’ stance in city politics. Similarly, for instance, the Temporary Commission on City Finances opted for a new “developmental strategy” that sought to “increase private investment in New York City by first increasing public investment” (Temporary Commission on City Finances 1978, 1).

2. This sum consisted of $8 million from the city, $5.4 million from the Federal Public Works Program, $5 million in Urban Development Action Grants, and $6.3 million from the state for the Maritime Museum (U.S. Department of Commerce 1980, 39).

3. Whereas Montréal experienced significant employment declines in almost all industries during the 1981 crisis—the science-based sector being the sole exception (Vinodrai 2001, 12)—it lost only 1 percent of employments in 1990–92. Toronto, by contrast, lost 3 percent in employment during the second recession (Rutherford 1996, 412/413).

4. For a detailed historical analysis of Montréal’s industrial heritage see Lewis (2000).

5. This is despite the fact, as Germain and Rose add, that “most of its buildings date from the nineteenth century—after the colony had passed into British hands” (Germain and Rose 2000, 40).

6. In the original Kadri writes: “La ville postmoderne attire de grands flux touristique, souvent plus importants que les populations résidentes, grâce à une mise en images et en scène des attributs de la vie urbaine de la vie urbaine (consummation culturelle), des equipment d’accueil et de divertissement. Une nouvelle urbanité émerge, inspiré du parc à thèmes” (Kadri 2009, 291; my translation).

7. For color prints of paintings by John Fraser, Lucius O’Brien, and others as well as of advertising posters by the CPR see Hart (1983).

8. Anette Baldauf uses this term to describe the process of engineering images (and imaginations) of a city for economic purposes. She uses New York City’s Times Square as an example: “Die Veränderungen am Times Square verdeutlichten, wie sehr Entertainment Cities auf ein korporatives Imagineering bauen, d.h. eine Verschmelzung von “imagination” (Vorstellungskraft) und “engineering” (Konstruktion) herstellen” (Baldauf 2008, 12).

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.